Urban Development and everything associated with it

Why Important ?

With economic growth, urbanization is inevitable. now urban population ~30% of the total and rising fast. Significant contributor to growth. So, we should take care of

1. Civic amenities
2. Urban uncontrolled growth
3. Rural-urban migration
4. slums
5. Law and order

Govt. Side

Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation

Schemes/ Programs

JNNURM

• Since Dec 2005

(Rajiv Awas Yojna) RAY

• 2013-22
• for in-situ rehabilitation of slum dwellers with civic amenities
• Financial aid to states/UTs/ULBs/Central Govt. agencies

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS)

• will convert individual dry latrines to pour flush latrines
• This will liberate manual scavengers

Swarnajayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojna (SJSRY)

• Since 1997
• To provide gainful employment to urban unemployed or underemployed through wage employment or self-employment ventures

National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)

Rajiv Rinn Yojna (RRY)

National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

• centre will bear 80% of the cost of implementation
• Launched this year by Health Ministry
• To provide adequate and efficient public health delivery system to the urban poor

Rural Development and everything associated with it

Why holds so much significance ?

India lives in villages. __% of her population lives in villages. that to, most of the rural population is facing hardships.
So, development of rural India/ populace --> development of India

Stats

Govt. side

Ministry of Rural Development

Schemes/ Programs of the ministry

1. MGNREGA  -- WAGE
2. SGSY -> NRLM -> Aajeevika
3. PMGSY  -- ROAD
4. IAY  -- HOUSING
5. NSAP  -- PENSION
6. PURA

More here

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (Previously TSC)

• By Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
• Since 1999
• Aim : to eradicate open defecation by 2017
• Nirmal Gram Puraskar
• through social mobilization for construction of toilets and also safe waste disposal
• Nirmal Bharat by 2022
• Sikkim

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

• centre will bear 80% of the cost of implementation
• Launched in  by Health Ministry
• To provide adequate and efficient public health delivery system to the urban poor

Poverty and related topics

What is Poverty?

UN defn

Poverty Line 

First, we need to identify the poor people. So, the Poverty line is a fictional boundary which separates The poor people from the rest.
In India, planning commission calculates the poverty line.
Till recently, planning commission was using the data (Monthly Consumption Amount of Families) collected by NSSO to arrive at the Poverty Line.

Planning Commission set up Suresh Tendulkar Committee in 2004 to

• Review alternate concepts of poverty
• to recommend changes in the existing procedure to calculate official estimates of poverty

The committee recommended that 

• Mixed recommended period (MRP) equivalent poverty line basket (PLB) should be used
• should apply to both rural and urban areas

Planning Commission accepted the recommendations, So, the new poverty line stands at 

Urban areas : 32/- day

Rural areas : 26/- per day

But after huge uproar, Planning Commission set up another committee under C. Rangarajan.

Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)

8 goals under it

• Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
• Reduce Child Mortality
• Improve Maternal Health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
• Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Global partnership for development

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National Action Plan on Climate Change

PM launched it in 2008. 8 mission under it.

• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
• ensuring food security
• enhancing livelihood opportunities
• thereby, contributing to economic stability at the National level.
• Green India Mission
• To create additional 10 ml. h. of forest land through afforestation
• National Water Mission
• to increase water use efficiency by 20%
• National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
• national Solar Mission
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
• National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem
• also to continuously access its health status
• and to formulate policies for sustainable development in mountain states
• outlay of 550 cr. during 12th plan
• studying Himalayan glaciers
• assisting Uttarakhand
• prediction and management of natural hazards
• BD conservation
• protection of wildlife
• traditional knowledge of societies and livelihoods
• mission covers 12 Himalayan states
• Deptt. of S & T will coordinate the implementation